Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 16 pp 8345—8366
Investigating causal associations among gut microbiota, gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and gestational diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Figure 4. Flowchart of this study. GWAS, genome-wide association study; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IVW, inverse-variance weighted; MaxLik, maximum likelihood; WM, weighted median; MR.RAPS, mendelian randomization robust adjusted profile score; MR-PRESSO, mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier; BMI, body mass index.