Research Paper Volume 8, Issue 12 pp 3375—3389

Figure 4. Central metabolism alterations in senescent satellite cells. (A) Modified enzymes identified in senescent cells and related to the central metabolism are represented in boxes. (B) Altered metabolites of central metabolism profiling in young (30 CPD) (MY) and senescent myoblast (MS). For the box plots, the top and bottom of the boxes represent the 75^th and 25^th percentile, respectively. The solid bar across the box represents the median value, while the + is the mean. Any statistical outliers are represented by a circle. The Y axis is the median scaled value (relative level). The fold change and the corresponding p value in senescent cells relative to their young counterpart is indicated in each plot (see also Data Set 1). (C) Glucose flux in young and senescent myoblasts measured by [U-¹⁴C] glucose oxidation into ¹⁴CO₂. (D) Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of young and senescent myoblasts were monitored using the Seahorse Bioscience Extra Cellular Flux Analyzer. Mitochondrial respiration was determined in basal conditions (growth media), in the presence of oligomycin (leak), and finally in the presence of increasing amounts of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP; 1-30 μM) to determine the maximal respiration rate. The respiration reserve capacity (spare) was calculated by subtracting the basal to the maximal respiration. The OCR values were normalized to cellular size.